The dog's endocrine system, also called the hormonal system, consists of:
Hypothalamus is an area of the brain
Pituitary or pituitary gland is an endocrine gland located at the base of the skull
Thyroid : it is an endocrine gland that embraces the first 5-8 rings of the trachea with its two lobes. It secretes hormones that affect the metabolism. Excessive production or reduction of thyroid hormones causes hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, respectively
Parathyroid
Adrenal : also called adrenal glands, are equal organs located in front of the kidneys. They produce hormones that act on energy and salt metabolism and also sex hormones, in small quantities
Pancreas : large gland located in the abdomen closely connected to the small intestine. It is responsible for producing enzymes for digestion and insulin, an important hormone for regulating glucose in the blood and available to cells and tissues
Kidney : equal organs that together with the bladder and urethra make up the urinary system. Their function is to eliminate part of the waste substances through the formation of urine. The term kidneys also indicates the area located between the last rib and the pelvic area
Gonads (testicles or ovaries-corpuluteum)
Placenta
Everything is controlled by the nervous system which plays the role of regulating cellular functions through hormones, molecular messengers secreted by glands or cells.
